Abstract
The 80% aqueous methanolic extract from the bulbs of Crinum yemense showed a potent inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Three new crinine-type alkaloids, yemenines A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the herbal extract together with six known alkaloids. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The effects of the isolated alkaloids on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were examined, and several alkaloids, e.g. 1, (+)-bulbispermine (6), (+)-crinamine (7), (+)-6-hydroxycrinamine (8), and (-)-lycorine (9), showed inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
MeSH terms
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Alkaloids / chemistry
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Alkaloids / isolation & purification*
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Alkaloids / pharmacology
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Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids*
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Crinum / chemistry*
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Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
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Enzyme Inhibitors / isolation & purification*
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Indolizines / chemistry
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Indolizines / isolation & purification*
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Indolizines / pharmacology
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Lipopolysaccharides / metabolism
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Macrophages, Peritoneal / drug effects*
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Molecular Structure
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism*
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Nitric Oxide Synthase / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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Phenanthridines / chemistry
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Phenanthridines / isolation & purification
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Phenanthridines / pharmacology
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Plants, Medicinal / chemistry*
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Yemen
Substances
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Alkaloids
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Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Indolizines
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Phenanthridines
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yemenine A
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yemenine B
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yemenine C
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Nitric Oxide
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crinamine
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Nitric Oxide Synthase
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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lycorine